Judges in the United States are typically elected or appointed. We tend to think of them as experienced lawyers with a deep understanding of the legal system and a commitment to upholding the principles of justice.

In Brazil, becoming a judge is a career path. It’s something you pursue. And like all jobs, there are requirements that candidates must meet.

It should be no surprise that a judge first needs to have a law degree. In Brazil, law is a five-year bachelor’s degree program. And while a law degree is mandatory, authorization to practice law isn’t. Most judges are members of the bar association or OAB, but it’s not a prerequisite. Instead, three years of post-graduation experience with “legal activities” is what’s required.

In addition to the education and experience requirements, prospective judges in Brazil must undergo a series of comprehensive evaluations as part of a competitive selection process. These include oral and written tests covering subject matter knowledge as well as physical and mental health exams and background checks.

Candidates are also judged on their qualifications, certifications, publications, and education. This process ensures that those who eventually become judges are not only well-prepared academically but also possess the necessary qualities to uphold the values of the profession.

If selected to serve as a judge, the usual starting point is the position of juiz substituto or substitute judge. It’s a way to gain experience presiding over cases and making legal decisions. After that, it’s possible to progress to more senior positions within the judiciary.